세계에서 가장 위험한 독버섯 9

세계에서 가장 위험한 독버섯 9

1. Hericium erinaceus (Hericium erinaceus)

 

Known as Hericium erinaceus, Hericium erinaceus is an edible medicinal mushroom from the group of dental fungi, which are mushrooms with scalloped projections on the underside of the caps. They form the spores necessary for reproduction.
Interestingly, these ridges always grow perpendicular to the ground.

Representatives of this species of fungi usually parasitize living, recently felled or damaged trees in North America, Asia or Europe.
While they are generally edible, most of these fancy mushrooms do not taste very good - with the exception of the barnacle, which tastes like a lobster cooked in butter when eaten young and fresh.These mop like mushrooms are believed to protect the nervous system, regulate blood lipids, lower blood glucose levels, and alleviate stomach problems.

Some studies have also shown that Hericium erinaceus increases serotonin levels and helps control depression.

 

 

2. Hydnellum pecki - a bizarre mushroom that looks like a bleeding tooth

 

Hydnellum Peka undoubtedly belongs to the bizarre types of mushrooms; its appearance is alarming.
Growing in different parts of the world, the young inedible fungus Hydnellum pecki "bleeds" with a pigment that has anticoagulant properties like blood thinners. Adult mushrooms are brownish in color.
The sticky red liquid that this strange mushroom secretes is actually a kind of juice. It is formed through a process called guttation; during it, the soil around the mushrooms becomes very moist and fills their roots with water through osmosis. Pressure is created inside the mushrooms, under the influence of which the liquid flows out.

Found in the forested mountainous regions of North America, Europe, Iran, and South Korea, the bleeding-tooth like fungi live in symbiosis with the conifers on which they grow.

Trees provide mushrooms with a constant source of carbon dioxide, while they convert amino acids and soil minerals into forms that allow trees to get energy more easily.

The surface of young fungi Hydnellum pecki is covered with soft hairs, which give them a velvety texture. Unfortunately, these mushrooms are rarely seen in all their glory, most often they are found among plant stems and wood debris.
Hydnellum pecki mushrooms have a bitter taste and are best avoided.

 

3. Blue Miller (Lactarius indigo)

 

The blue milky (Lactarius indigo) gets its name from the blue liquid it emits when it is cut with a knife. This bizarre mushroom grows in North and Central America; it is characterized by a silvery-blue color. Over time, it can turn gray or greenish-blue.

Blue millers grow scattered or in groups on soil, oak or pine. They can be found from July to October; as with most of the mushrooms on this list, they have a symbiotic relationship with the trees they grow on.
Miller blue is known to be used as a dye for fabrics. Miller blue can be eaten. It gives the eggs their green color.

 

 

4. Anturus archeri (Clathrus archeri)

 

This mushroom attracts attention not only with its bright appearance, but also with the smell of rotten meat. People call it "the devil's fingers".
The Anturus Archer mushroom has four to eight "fingers" that grow from a small, light ball that looks like an egg.

The grotesque "fingers" of Clathrus archeri are covered in smelly mucus that attracts insects that perch on mushrooms and spread spores when they fly away. The devil's fingers seem to multiply quite efficiently as they managed to get into the United Kingdom with Australian weapons.
Although the devil's fingers were first recorded in the UK, it is believed that they originated in Australia or New Zealand and reached Europe through spores that could stick to munitions in transit.

In Australia, Clathrus archeri is called the stinking octopus, and in some regions of the United States, it is simply called the octopus mushroom.

 

 

5. Pilobolus crystalline (Pilobus crystallinus)

 

The colloquial name of the mushroom Pilobus crystallinus is rather strange, but understandable. First, crystalline pilobolus grows on animal excrement. Secondly, it is considered the fastest living creature on the planet.
Like a real cannon, Pilobus crystallinus releases spores faster than bullets from a pistol. The action cannot be seen with the naked eye, but the speed of movement of the spore of the manure cannon is about 25 meters per second.

Spores fly in the direction of the brightest light in the immediate vicinity, then, with raindrops, they land on the surrounding vegetation and begin to grow.
As a result, they are often eaten by grazing animals; they pass through their digestive tract and begin the growth cycle again, but this time inside animal feces.

Pilobus crystallinus mushrooms are also called “hat throwers,” and they seem to have caused great trouble for Victorian gardeners. According to an article published in The Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1881, these strange mushrooms left a layer of black pepper-like dust on all roses.

 

 

6. Baggy starfish (Geastrum saccatum)

 

While these mushrooms are quite common, they look rather odd due to their resemblance to classic peanut butter cookies. However, unlike tasty baked goods, baggy starfish has a bitter taste and should not be eaten.
Geastrum saccatum, as it is called in the scientific community, is found all over the world and grows on rotten wood. In Brazil, it is called the "star of the earth" because of the external similarity with the celestial body.

The "petals" of Saccoid starlet often crack, and spores are released from the holes formed. The rest of the fungus gradually turns dark brown as the spores mature.

The sack shaped starfish is rather small - only five centimeters in diameter. From above, a cluster of tiny mushrooms resembles a bouquet of flowers.

 

 

7. Exidia glandular (Exidia glandulosa)

 

Jean-Baptiste François Bulliard, a French naturalist, first discovered this strange mushroom in 1789.

Exidia glandular (Exidia glandulosa) is popularly called the oil of black witches because of its color and oily consistency in wet weather. It appears on dead trees in autumn and winter.In hot, dry conditions, Exidia glandulosa mushrooms turn greenish brown and crunchy.

Growing singly or in groups on dead trees - usually oak, hazel or beech - these bizarre mushrooms have a gelatinous consistency. They melt in wet weather and harden when dry. They are quite hardy and are found almost all over the world, especially in North America and Europe.
Exidia glandularis is also called the warty jelly fungus due to its supposed ability to counteract witchcraft when thrown into fire.

Another interesting characteristic of Exidia glandulosa is the fact that it is a pioneer species. This means that it takes up nutrient-deficient sites earlier than any other organism. They become more hospitable to insects and bacteria and gradually come to life.

 

 

8. Basket mushrooms (Ileodictyon cibarium)

 

Known as basket mushrooms, these hollow structural mushrooms are extremely hardy. They grow in wood debris, cultivated soil and even lawns.
Found in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Chile, these mushrooms were known to the ancestors of the Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, under more than 35 different names, one of which is "ghost excrement."

Like many other strange mushrooms, the basket mushroom is covered in smelly mucus, which attracts flies to spread the spores. These bizarre mushrooms begin to develop from the ovoid body, which is usually white or grayish in color.
As it matures, a basket like lattice emerges from the ovoid body, secreting smelly mucus. So, while these mushrooms are safe to eat, it is best to harvest them before the baskets burst or they will be flooded with disgusting mucus.

Because of their unusual appearance, basket mushrooms have been the subject of many Maori myths, including the one that claims 

baskets burst after a thunderstorm.

 

 

9. Chorioactis geaster

 

The body of this extremely rare mushroom initially resembles a cigar. When it reaches maturity, however, it unfolds like a peeled banana and turns into a star with 4-7 rays. The spore-bearing tissue inside can be white or brown, depending on age.

When the mushroom opens, a distinct hissing sound can be heard and a smoky cloud of spores can be seen.

This strange mushroom can only be found in Texas, Oklahoma (USA) and Japan, which is rather strange. Until now, scientists cannot 

understand what these different but specific habitats of Chorioactis geaster have in common.